Effect measure modification of blood lead–air lead slope factors

The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children

BACKGROUND It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB-PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideration in the 2008 review of the Pb national ambient air quality standards. OBJECTIVES The objectives...

Supplemental Material: The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children

Modification of Martian Slope Streaks

Introduction: Slope streaks, commonly dark features in the high albedo, low thermal inertia, dust-rich equatorial regions of Mars, have been observed in images from all orbiting spacecraft since Mariner 9 [1-9] and are thought to fade or brighten over time due to mantling of dust [2,3,8]. Recent studies using images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera [10] have s...

Confounding and effect modification: distribution and measure.

The paper considers the properties of and relations between confounding and effect modification from the perspective of causal inference and with a distinction drawn as to how each of these two epidemiologic concepts can be defined both with respect to a distribution of potential outcomes or with respect to a specific effect measure. Both concepts are conditional on other covariates but the for...

P43: The Effect of Carvacrol on Blood Pressure and Some Blood Parameters in Lead-Exposed Rats

Lead intoxication is one of the most health hazards in humans at all ages. Lead impairs oxidant/antioxidant balance that can be partially responsible for the toxic effect of lead in the various organs of body especially cardiovascular system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvacrol as anti-oxidative agent on hypertension and some blood parameters in lead poisone...